eeg-fm-masking: results on public EEG datasets

Foundation model

eeg-fm-masking: results on public EEG datasets

eeg-fm-masking is a set of encoders released with a study of masking in EEG pretraining: one small backbone, one corpus (the open-licence subset of the REVE pretraining corpus) and one recipe, pretrained with a masked-autoencoder (MAE) or a joint-embedding predictive (JEPA) objective under different mask geometries. BCI Report ran four of them frozen: the paper-recommended MAE checkpoint (mask radius 9 cm, L = 2) as a matrix row, and three siblings — JEPA with the same geometry, and MAE and JEPA masking one channel — as a masking ablation.

Measured on: ds003810; EEGMAT; BETA; ds006593; TMNRED / ds005383; EESM19 scalp subset; ds005342 · Protocols: Motor imagery & rest; Arithmetic & rest; SSVEP · 8 channels; SSVEP · 4 channels; P300 target ERP; Semantic target ERP; Sleep staging; Idle & command

Also known as PierreGtch/eeg-fm-masking_mae_r9cm_L2 · eeg-fm-masking MAE · eeg-fm-masking JEPA

Reference eeg-fm-masking, arXiv:2609.33487 ↗

Directory status: Evaluated (frozen probes, masking ablation) · Description sources arxiv.org · huggingface.co

Published results

Grouped by dataset. Compare figures within a group only: across groups the task, cohort, chance level and electrode layout all change.

ds003810 · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · motor imagery & rest

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: Motor imagery & rest · Chance level 50.0% · foundation-models-mi-rest.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

68.1% (64.3%–72.3%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

63.2% (58.2%–67.9%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

64.9% (60.3%–69.4%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

63.3% (59.0%–67.4%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	68.1%64.3%–72.3%	10
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	63.2%58.2%–67.9%	10
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	64.9%60.3%–69.4%	10
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	63.3%59.0%–67.4%	10

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

EEGMAT · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · arithmetic & rest

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: Arithmetic & rest · Chance level 50.0% · foundation-models-arithmetic-rest.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

63.6% (59.1%–68.1%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

61.6% (56.4%–66.5%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

64.3% (60.2%–68.2%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

62.5% (58.5%–66.2%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	63.6%59.1%–68.1%	36
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	61.6%56.4%–66.5%	36
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	64.3%60.2%–68.2%	36
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	62.5%58.5%–66.2%	36

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

BETA · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · SSVEP, 8 channels

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: SSVEP · 8 channels · Chance level 2.5% · foundation-models-beta-8ch.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

54.8% (49.4%–60.0%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

49.6% (44.5%–54.8%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

53.4% (48.1%–58.6%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

51.0% (45.8%–56.1%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	54.8%49.4%–60.0%	70
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	49.6%44.5%–54.8%	70
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	53.4%48.1%–58.6%	70
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	51.0%45.8%–56.1%	70

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

BETA · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · SSVEP, 4 channels

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: SSVEP · 4 channels · Chance level 2.5% · foundation-models-beta-4ch.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

47.1% (42.1%–52.1%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

43.4% (38.7%–48.3%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

46.7% (41.9%–51.5%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

45.4% (40.6%–50.2%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	47.1%42.1%–52.1%	70
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	43.4%38.7%–48.3%	70
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	46.7%41.9%–51.5%	70
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	45.4%40.6%–50.2%	70

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

ds006593 · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · P300 target ERP

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: P300 target ERP · Chance level 50.0% · foundation-models-p300-target.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

49.5% (48.1%–51.0%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

51.6% (50.4%–52.7%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

51.1% (49.2%–53.0%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

50.0% (48.7%–51.5%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	49.5%48.1%–51.0%	21
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	51.6%50.4%–52.7%	21
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	51.1%49.2%–53.0%	21
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	50.0%48.7%–51.5%	21

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

TMNRED / ds005383 · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · semantic target ERP

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: Semantic target ERP · Chance level 50.0% · foundation-models-semantic-target.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

54.8% (52.7%–56.9%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

55.8% (53.9%–57.6%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

54.9% (53.4%–56.4%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

55.0% (53.4%–56.6%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	54.8%52.7%–56.9%	30
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	55.8%53.9%–57.6%	30
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	54.9%53.4%–56.4%	30
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	55.0%53.4%–56.6%	30

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

EESM19 scalp subset · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · sleep staging

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: Sleep staging · Chance level 20.0% · foundation-models-sleep-scalp.csv

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head

67.9% (65.4%–70.4%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

70.3% (68.0%–72.7%)

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

65.2% (63.0%–67.3%)

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1) · Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation

68.3% (65.7%–70.8%)

Balanced accuracy, 4 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head	Balanced accuracy	67.9%65.4%–70.4%	20
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	70.3%68.0%–72.7%	20
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	65.2%63.0%–67.3%	20
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + ridge head · masking ablation	Balanced accuracy	68.3%65.7%–70.8%	20

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

ds005342 · v9 foundation encoders, frozen · idle & command

Read with its protocol: Core-matrix protocol: Idle & command · foundation-models-idle.csv

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + linear head	Commands detected ≤3 s	3 / 602 of 4 people always abstained.	4
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + linear head	Idle false activations	0 / 60	4
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + linear head · masking ablation	Commands detected ≤3 s	12 / 602 of 4 people always abstained.	4
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)	Frozen encoder + linear head · masking ablation	Idle false activations	0 / 60	4
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + linear head · masking ablation	Commands detected ≤3 s	5 / 602 of 4 people always abstained.	4
eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + linear head · masking ablation	Idle false activations	0 / 60	4
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + linear head · masking ablation	Commands detected ≤3 s	5 / 602 of 4 people always abstained.	4
eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)	Frozen encoder + linear head · masking ablation	Idle false activations	0 / 60	4

Weights terms: eeg-fm-masking under CC-BY-4.0. No model’s authors endorse these results. Every weights licence and its terms →

All methods → · All datasets →

Checkpoints, inputs and terms

What was run, as the v9 release records it: each checkpoint’s revision and SHA-256, its encoder parameters, the footnote its rows carry and its weights licence. No weights, adapted weights or LoRA deltas were kept or shared, and no endorsement by the model’s authors is implied.

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2)

Panel: A row beside the core matrix on every protocol page
Encoder parameters: 12.69M
Revision: PierreGtch/eeg-fm-masking_mae_r9cm_L2 @ c861ade2
Checkpoint SHA-256: d889abd87a245b92f782246f6fd51b23120208f307bc65b4de587a76ea5ed4f2
Paper: paper ↗
Weights licence: CC-BY-4.0 (cite arXiv:2609.33487)
Licence note: CC-BY-4.0 weights: attribution required (cite arXiv:2609.33487).
Rights review: Attribution licence; the paper is cited beside every row. Aggregate scores only.
Row footnote: Paper-recommended masking geometry; channel-retained pooling (C x 512). Three sibling checkpoints appear in the masking ablation panel.
EEGMAT adaptation: not run by design: eeg-fm-masking is a frozen-probe masking ablation

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2)

Panel: Masking ablation: a sibling of the paper-recommended checkpoint, in its own panel
Encoder parameters: 12.69M
Revision: Not in the release: it names only the paper-recommended checkpoint’s revision.
Checkpoint SHA-256: Not in the release: it names only the paper-recommended checkpoint’s revision.
Paper: paper ↗
Weights licence: CC-BY-4.0 (cite arXiv:2609.33487)
Licence note: CC-BY-4.0 weights: attribution required (cite arXiv:2609.33487).
Rights review: Attribution licence; the paper is cited beside every row. Aggregate scores only.
Row footnote: A sibling of the paper-recommended checkpoint in the masking ablation: the same architecture, corpus and recipe, another masking framework or geometry.
EEGMAT adaptation: not run by design: eeg-fm-masking is a frozen-probe masking ablation

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1)

Panel: Masking ablation: a sibling of the paper-recommended checkpoint, in its own panel
Encoder parameters: 12.69M
Revision: Not in the release: it names only the paper-recommended checkpoint’s revision.
Checkpoint SHA-256: Not in the release: it names only the paper-recommended checkpoint’s revision.
Paper: paper ↗
Weights licence: CC-BY-4.0 (cite arXiv:2609.33487)
Licence note: CC-BY-4.0 weights: attribution required (cite arXiv:2609.33487).
Rights review: Attribution licence; the paper is cited beside every row. Aggregate scores only.
Row footnote: A sibling of the paper-recommended checkpoint in the masking ablation: the same architecture, corpus and recipe, another masking framework or geometry.
EEGMAT adaptation: not run by design: eeg-fm-masking is a frozen-probe masking ablation

eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)

Panel: Masking ablation: a sibling of the paper-recommended checkpoint, in its own panel
Encoder parameters: 12.69M
Revision: Not in the release: it names only the paper-recommended checkpoint’s revision.
Checkpoint SHA-256: Not in the release: it names only the paper-recommended checkpoint’s revision.
Paper: paper ↗
Weights licence: CC-BY-4.0 (cite arXiv:2609.33487)
Licence note: CC-BY-4.0 weights: attribution required (cite arXiv:2609.33487).
Rights review: Attribution licence; the paper is cited beside every row. Aggregate scores only.
Row footnote: A sibling of the paper-recommended checkpoint in the masking ablation: the same architecture, corpus and recipe, another masking framework or geometry.
EEGMAT adaptation: not run by design: eeg-fm-masking is a frozen-probe masking ablation

Pretraining exposure, by dataset

Whether each core dataset is in the model authors’ published pretraining list, checked on 2026-10-04 and linked to the source. A dataset absent from the list is not proof that its recordings were never seen; recording-level audits were not done.

eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=9 cm, L=2) · eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=9 cm, L=2) · eeg-fm-masking MAE (r=one channel, L=1) · eeg-fm-masking JEPA (r=one channel, L=1)

Dataset	Protocols	Statement	Source
ds003810 Motor Imagery vs Rest (low-cost EEG; Peterson et al.)	Motor imagery & rest	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗ · source ↗
EEGMAT (PhysioNet EEG During Mental Arithmetic Tasks; Zyma et al. 2019)	Arithmetic & rest	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗
ds006593 cBCI Matrix Multimodal Dataset (Celik et al.)	P300 target ERP	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗ · source ↗
ds005383 TMNRED (Bai et al. 2025, Sci. Data 12:701)	Semantic target ERP	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗ · source ↗
EESM19 Ear-EEG Sleep Monitoring 2019 (OpenNeuro ds005185; Mikkelsen et al.)	Sleep staging	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗ · source ↗
BETA 40-target SSVEP (Liu et al. 2020, Front. Neurosci. 14:627)	SSVEP · 8 channels · SSVEP · 4 channels	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗ · source ↗
ds005342 EEG offline/online MI for standing and sitting (Triana-Guzman et al.)	Idle & command	not in the authors' published pretraining list (checked 2026-10-04)	source ↗ · source ↗

Cite this page

BCI Report (2026). eeg-fm-masking: results on public EEG datasets. https://bci.report/methods/eeg-fm-masking/

Figures from release foundation-models-update-20261004 (2026-10-04). Cite the upstream datasets as well: each dataset’s page gives its credit.

Every release is archived on Zenodo: doi:10.5281/zenodo.23123296. BibTeX for the site and its releases → · CITATION.cff ↗