Foundation model

CBraMod: results on public EEG datasets

CBraMod is an EEG foundation model from Wang et al. (Zhejiang University; ICLR 2025). Its criss-cross Transformer models spatial and temporal dependencies between EEG patches with two parallel attention branches, uses an asymmetric conditional positional encoding, and is pretrained by masked patch reconstruction on the TUEG clinical corpus (over 9,000 hours retained after preprocessing).

Also known as CBraMod · Criss-Cross Brain Foundation Model · weighting666/CBraMod · Wang et al. 2025

Reference Wang J, Zhao S, Luo Z, Zhou Y, Jiang H, Li S, Li T, Pan G. CBraMod: A Criss-Cross Brain Foundation Model for EEG Decoding. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2025. ↗

Directory status: Evaluated · Official code ↗ · Description sources arxiv.org · github.com · huggingface.co

Published results

Grouped by dataset. Compare figures within a group only: across groups the task, cohort, chance level and electrode layout all change.

ds003810 · Core matrix · motor imagery & rest

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 50.0% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Rest versus right-hand imagery	Balanced accuracy	62.9%59.6%–66.5%	10

ds003810 · Pretraining · fixed readout

Read with its protocol: Does pretraining help? · deployment-topics.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	MI / rest · pretrained	Balanced accuracy	62.9%	10
CBraMod	MI / rest · random initialization (mean)	Balanced accuracy	56.5%	10

ds003810 · Pretraining · train-selected readout

Read with its protocol: Does pretraining help? · deployment-topics.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	MI / rest · pretrained	Balanced accuracy	62.7%	10
CBraMod	MI / rest · random initialization (mean)	Balanced accuracy	54.9%	10

EEGMAT · Core matrix · arithmetic & rest

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 50.0% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Serial subtraction versus resting EEG	Balanced accuracy	62.3%58.1%–66.5%	36

EEGMAT · Pretraining · fixed readout

Read with its protocol: Does pretraining help? · deployment-topics.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Mental workload · pretrained	Balanced accuracy	62.3%	36
CBraMod	Mental workload · random initialization (mean)	Balanced accuracy	56.4%	36

EEGMAT · Pretraining · train-selected readout

Read with its protocol: Does pretraining help? · deployment-topics.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Mental workload · pretrained	Balanced accuracy	68.4%	36
CBraMod	Mental workload · random initialization (mean)	Balanced accuracy	61.7%	36

BETA · Core matrix · SSVEP, 8 channels

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 2.5% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	40 visual targets · 8 posterior electrodes	Balanced accuracy	33.7%29.8%–37.6%	70

BETA · Core matrix · SSVEP, 4 channels

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 2.5% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	40 visual targets · 4 posterior electrodes	Balanced accuracy	27.6%24.1%–31.3%	70

ds006593 · Core matrix · P300 target ERP

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 50.0% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Visual target versus nontarget events	Balanced accuracy	55.0%53.3%–56.7%	21

TMNRED / ds005383 · Core matrix · semantic target ERP

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 50.0% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Reading · target versus nontarget events	Balanced accuracy	55.8%54.2%–57.4%	30

EESM19 scalp subset · Core matrix · sleep staging

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · Chance level 20.0% · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Five stages · balanced scalp-EEG sample	Balanced accuracy	71.3%68.7%–73.7%	20

ds005342 · Core matrix · idle & command

Read with its protocol: Core matrix (home page) · experiments.json

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Seated motor imagery · cue-gated replay	Command detection ≤3 s	18.3%	4
CBraMod	Seated motor imagery · cue-gated replay	Idle false activation	1.7%	4

Mobile BCI dataset (SSVEP and ERP paradigms) · Movement · SSVEP, 2-second windows

Read with its protocol: On the move · deployment-topics.json

CBraMod · Standing · scalp · 8 ch

59.9% (54.3%–65.4%)

CBraMod · Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · scalp · 8 ch

46.2% (41.1%–51.4%)

CBraMod · Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · scalp · 8 ch

46.0% (42.2%–49.6%)

Balanced accuracy, 3 configurations. Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

Method	Condition	Metric	Value	People
CBraMod	Standing · scalp · 8 ch	Balanced accuracy	59.9%54.3%–65.4%	23
CBraMod	Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · scalp · 8 ch	Balanced accuracy	46.2%41.1%–51.4%	23
CBraMod	Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · scalp · 8 ch	Balanced accuracy	46.0%42.2%–49.6%	23

All methods → · All datasets →