# CCA: results on public EEG datasets

Classical method

CCA-based SSVEP detection, proposed by Lin, Zhang, Wu and Gao (Tsinghua University; IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2006), computes the canonical correlation between multichannel EEG and sine–cosine reference signals at each candidate stimulus frequency and its harmonics. The frequency with the largest correlation is selected; the references are generated from the stimulus frequencies, not learned from recorded trials.

**Also known as** CCA · Standard CCA · canonical correlation analysis · Lin et al. 2006

**Reference** [Lin Z, Zhang C, Wu W, Gao X. Frequency recognition based on canonical correlation analysis for SSVEP-based BCIs. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 53(12):2610–2614, 2006. ↗](https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2006.886577)

Directory status: Evaluated · [Implementation used here ↗](https://scikit-learn.org/stable/) · Description sources [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17152442/) · [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17549911/) · [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2006.886577) · [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2006.889197) · [pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5783827/) · [github.com](https://github.com/mnakanishi/TRCA-SSVEP/blob/master/src/test_fbcca.m) · [iopscience.iop.org](https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/12/4/046008)

## Published results

Grouped by dataset. Compare figures within a group only: across groups the task, cohort, chance level and electrode layout all change.

### [BETA](https://bci.report/datasets/beta/) · Core matrix · SSVEP, 8 channels

Read with its protocol: [Core matrix (home page)](https://bci.report/#overview) · Chance level 2.5% · [experiments.json](https://bci.report/data/experiments.json)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Standard CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | 40 visual targets · 8 posterior electrodes | Balanced accuracy | 63.1% (57.2%–69.0%) | 70 |

### [BETA](https://bci.report/datasets/beta/) · Core matrix · SSVEP, 4 channels

Read with its protocol: [Core matrix (home page)](https://bci.report/#overview) · Chance level 2.5% · [experiments.json](https://bci.report/data/experiments.json)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Standard CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | 40 visual targets · 4 posterior electrodes | Balanced accuracy | 57.6% (51.8%–63.5%) | 70 |

### [Wearable SSVEP BCI dataset (dry and wet electrodes)](https://bci.report/datasets/wearable-ssvep-102/) · Dry vs. wet sensor transfer

Read with its protocol: [Dry vs. wet electrodes](https://bci.report/topics/dry-vs-wet/) · [deployment-topics.json](https://bci.report/data/deployment-topics.json)

**Balanced accuracy, 2 configurations.** Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

- CCA · Wet recording · no source training: 81.6% (77.7%–85.1%)
- CCA · Dry recording · no source training: 65.5% (60.6%–70.2%)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Wet recording · no source training | Balanced accuracy | 81.6% (77.7%–85.1%) | 102 |
| [CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Dry recording · no source training | Balanced accuracy | 65.5% (60.6%–70.2%) | 102 |

### [Wearable SSVEP BCI dataset (dry and wet electrodes)](https://bci.report/datasets/wearable-ssvep-102/) · Calibration budget · eTRCA and CCA

Read with its protocol: [How much calibration?](https://bci.report/topics/calibration-budget/) · [deployment-topics.json](https://bci.report/data/deployment-topics.json)

**Balanced accuracy, 2 configurations.** Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

- CCA · No calibration · dry: 65.1% (60.0%–70.0%)
- CCA · No calibration · wet: 81.1% (77.2%–84.8%)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | No calibration · dry | Balanced accuracy | 65.1% (60.0%–70.0%) | 102 |
| [CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | No calibration · wet | Balanced accuracy | 81.1% (77.2%–84.8%) | 102 |

### [Mobile BCI dataset (SSVEP and ERP paradigms)](https://bci.report/datasets/mobile-bci/) · Movement · SSVEP, 5-second windows

Read with its protocol: [On the move](https://bci.report/topics/on-the-move/) · [deployment-topics.json](https://bci.report/data/deployment-topics.json)

**Balanced accuracy, 6 configurations.** Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

- Author-style CCA · Standing · scalp · 8 ch: 88.7% (80.0%–95.9%)
- Author-style CCA · Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · scalp · 8 ch: 82.9% (74.3%–90.4%)
- Author-style CCA · Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · scalp · 8 ch: 80.9% (72.0%–88.8%)
- Author-style CCA · Standing · ear · 14 ch: 53.1% (47.4%–59.6%)
- Author-style CCA · Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · ear · 14 ch: 43.4% (39.6%–47.8%)
- Author-style CCA · Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · ear · 14 ch: 39.1% (36.7%–41.8%)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Standing · scalp · 8 ch | Balanced accuracy | 88.7% (80.0%–95.9%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · scalp · 8 ch | Balanced accuracy | 82.9% (74.3%–90.4%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · scalp · 8 ch | Balanced accuracy | 80.9% (72.0%–88.8%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Standing · ear · 14 ch | Balanced accuracy | 53.1% (47.4%–59.6%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · ear · 14 ch | Balanced accuracy | 43.4% (39.6%–47.8%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · ear · 14 ch | Balanced accuracy | 39.1% (36.7%–41.8%) | 23 |

### [Mobile BCI dataset (SSVEP and ERP paradigms)](https://bci.report/datasets/mobile-bci/) · Movement · SSVEP, 2-second windows

Read with its protocol: [On the move](https://bci.report/topics/on-the-move/) · [deployment-topics.json](https://bci.report/data/deployment-topics.json)

**Balanced accuracy, 3 configurations.** Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

- Author-style CCA · Standing · scalp · 8 ch: 82.3% (74.6%–89.4%)
- Author-style CCA · Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · scalp · 8 ch: 70.7% (62.3%–78.6%)
- Author-style CCA · Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · scalp · 8 ch: 68.6% (60.1%–76.7%)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Standing · scalp · 8 ch | Balanced accuracy | 82.3% (74.6%–89.4%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Slow walk · 0.8 m/s · scalp · 8 ch | Balanced accuracy | 70.7% (62.3%–78.6%) | 23 |
| [Author-style CCA](https://bci.report/methods/cca/) | Fast walk · 1.6 m/s · scalp · 8 ch | Balanced accuracy | 68.6% (60.1%–76.7%) | 23 |

[All methods →](https://bci.report/methods/) · [All datasets →](https://bci.report/datasets/)

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Markdown copy of https://bci.report/methods/cca/, generated from the published page. Figures are aggregate results; terms of use: https://bci.report/data-use/