# OpenBMI motor imagery (Lee et al. 2019): EEG decoding results

Left- vs. right-hand motor imagery across two sessions

The OpenBMI dataset (GigaScience Database 100542) holds EEG from 54 healthy participants, each recorded in two sessions on different days in three BCI paradigms — motor imagery, event-related potentials and SSVEP — with 62 electrodes at 1,000 Hz, plus questionnaires, resting-state and artifact recordings. Released by Lee et al. (Korea University) with the OpenBMI toolbox and described in GigaScience (2019). Only the motor-imagery training runs are used here.

**Also known as** OpenBMI · Lee2019 · Lee2019_MI · GigaDB 100542 · EEG Dataset and OpenBMI Toolbox for Three BCI Paradigms · Lee et al. (2019)

Description sources [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.5524/100542) · [doi.org](https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz002) · [api.datacite.org](https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.5524/100542)

## Where it appears

- [How much calibration data does an EEG decoder need?](https://bci.report/topics/calibration-budget/)

## Published results

Every figure below is copied from a reviewed download, not recomputed for this page. Read each group with its protocol on the linked page.

### Calibration budget · same person, next session, motor imagery

Read with its protocol: [How much calibration?](https://bci.report/topics/calibration-budget/) · Chance level 50.0% · [large-source-update.json](https://bci.report/data/large-source-update.json)

**Balanced accuracy, 8 configurations.** Dot: the estimate; line: 95% interval; dashed line: chance level where the payload records one.

- Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA · Session 1 → session 2 · 0 labeled session-2 trials: 67.9% (63.6%–72.4%)
- Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA · Session 1 → session 2 · 10 labeled session-2 trials: 69.1% (64.8%–73.5%)
- Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA · Session 1 → session 2 · 20 labeled session-2 trials: 69.2% (65.3%–73.4%)
- Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA · Session 1 → session 2 · 40 labeled session-2 trials: 72.4% (68.9%–76.2%)
- Relative PSD + standardized ridge · Session 1 → session 2 · 0 labeled session-2 trials: 57.3% (54.4%–60.5%)
- Relative PSD + standardized ridge · Session 1 → session 2 · 10 labeled session-2 trials: 57.4% (54.5%–60.5%)
- Relative PSD + standardized ridge · Session 1 → session 2 · 20 labeled session-2 trials: 57.9% (55.2%–60.8%)
- Relative PSD + standardized ridge · Session 1 → session 2 · 40 labeled session-2 trials: 59.0% (56.0%–62.1%)

| Method | Condition | Metric | Value | People |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | Session 1 → session 2 · 0 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 67.9% (63.6%–72.4%) | 51 |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | Session 1 → session 2 · 10 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 69.1% (64.8%–73.5%) | 51 |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | Session 1 → session 2 · 20 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 69.2% (65.3%–73.4%) | 51 |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | Session 1 → session 2 · 40 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 72.4% (68.9%–76.2%) | 51 |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | 10 minus 0 labeled session-2 trials, the same people and test trials | Paired difference | +1.2 pp (−0.6 pp–+3.3 pp) — 21 of 51 people declined, 8 by 5 points or more. The interval includes zero: the gain is not established. | 51 |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | 20 minus 0 labeled session-2 trials, the same people and test trials | Paired difference | +1.4 pp (−0.3 pp–+3.2 pp) — 24 of 51 people declined, 6 by 5 points or more. The interval includes zero: the gain is not established. | 51 |
| Log-covariance + shrinkage LDA | 40 minus 0 labeled session-2 trials, the same people and test trials | Paired difference | +4.6 pp (+2.3 pp–+6.9 pp) — 13 of 51 people declined, 6 by 5 points or more. | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | Session 1 → session 2 · 0 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 57.3% (54.4%–60.5%) | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | Session 1 → session 2 · 10 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 57.4% (54.5%–60.5%) | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | Session 1 → session 2 · 20 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 57.9% (55.2%–60.8%) | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | Session 1 → session 2 · 40 labeled session-2 trials | Balanced accuracy | 59.0% (56.0%–62.1%) | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | 10 minus 0 labeled session-2 trials, the same people and test trials | Paired difference | +0.1 pp (−1.1 pp–+1.2 pp) — 25 of 51 people declined, 6 by 5 points or more. The interval includes zero: the gain is not established. | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | 20 minus 0 labeled session-2 trials, the same people and test trials | Paired difference | +0.6 pp (−0.9 pp–+2.0 pp) — 19 of 51 people declined, 10 by 5 points or more. The interval includes zero: the gain is not established. | 51 |
| Relative PSD + standardized ridge | 40 minus 0 labeled session-2 trials, the same people and test trials | Paired difference | +1.7 pp (−0.1 pp–+3.5 pp) — 16 of 51 people declined, 6 by 5 points or more. The interval includes zero: the gain is not established. | 51 |

## Source and licence

### OpenBMI motor imagery (Lee et al. 2019)

**Credit** Min-Ho Lee, O-Yeon Kwon, Yong-Jeong Kim, Hong-Kyung Kim, Young-Eun Lee, John Williamson, Siamac Fazli and Seong-Whan Lee · EEG dataset and OpenBMI toolbox for three BCI paradigms: an investigation into BCI illiteracy, GigaScience (2019), giz002, doi:10.1093/gigascience/giz002. Data: Supporting data, GigaScience Database, doi:10.5524/100542.

[CC0-1.0 ↗](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) · [Dataset record ↗](https://doi.org/10.5524/100542)

BCI Report does not redistribute any recording. These are aggregate measurements computed by BCI Report under the licence above; the data belong to the people credited.

[All datasets →](https://bci.report/datasets/) · [All methods →](https://bci.report/methods/)

## Cite this page

BCI Report (2026). *OpenBMI motor imagery (Lee et al. 2019): EEG decoding results*. https://bci.report/datasets/openbmi/

Figures from release [`large-source-update-20261003`](https://bci.report/releases/#large-source-update-20261003) (2026-10-03). Cite the upstream dataset as well: its credit is on this page.

Every release is archived on Zenodo: [doi:10.5281/zenodo.23123296](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23123296). [BibTeX for the site and its releases →](https://bci.report/api/#cite-heading) · [CITATION.cff ↗](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twu3202/bci-report/main/CITATION.cff)

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Markdown copy of https://bci.report/datasets/openbmi/, generated from the published page. Figures are aggregate results; terms of use: https://bci.report/data-use/