{
  "schema_version": "bci-report-clinical-aseeg-update-v1",
  "release_id": "clinical-aseeg-update-20261106",
  "generated_at": "2026-11-06",
  "status": "aggregate_preview",
  "title": "ASEEG: resting EEG in schizophrenia and controls, beside age and sex",
  "question": "Does resting EEG separate schizophrenia from controls better than age and sex do?",
  "placement": {
    "page": "/topics/clinical-groups/",
    "section": "aseeg",
    "after": "iesseeg",
    "subsections": [
      "aseeg-eyes-closed",
      "aseeg-cbramod",
      "aseeg-eyes-open"
    ],
    "leaderboard": false,
    "dataset_page": false
  },
  "counts": {
    "new_canonical_datasets": 0,
    "new_dataset_pages": 0,
    "new_model_identity": false
  },
  "medical_disclaimer": true,
  "medical_disclaimer_wording": {
    "file": "clinical-update.json",
    "field": "medical_disclaimer"
  },
  "metric_units": "balanced accuracy, AUROC, macro F1, chance and every interval are proportions in [0,1]; a contrast is a difference of seed-averaged balanced accuracies, also a proportion; people, cases and controls are whole numbers of people",
  "display": {
    "primary_metric": "balanced_accuracy",
    "formats": {
      "balanced_accuracy": [
        "pct2"
      ],
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
        "pct2"
      ],
      "macro_f1": [
        "pct2"
      ],
      "auroc": [
        "auc3"
      ],
      "auroc_interval_95": [
        "auc3"
      ],
      "difference": [
        "pp2",
        "sgn2"
      ],
      "interval_95": [
        "sgn2",
        "pp2"
      ],
      "chance_level": [
        "pct2"
      ]
    },
    "auroc_interval_printed": false,
    "reading_rule": "Balanced accuracy is the primary metric and AUROC is shown beside it for every arm; no AUROC contrast was specified, and the two metrics order the comparator and the spectral arm differently."
  },
  "dataset": {
    "name": "ASEEG: Atieh Schizophrenia EEG",
    "record": "Zenodo 18029536",
    "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.18029536",
    "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18029536",
    "version": "First version, 2025-12-23, record revision 6",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0",
    "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "licence_stated_by": [
      "Zenodo metadata.license.id (cc-by-4.0)",
      "data descriptor, Data availability"
    ],
    "zenodo_capture_sha256": "e04508bf4fd38251f4357d2114a15147413125f0fbf427b9656d3c197e57c741",
    "files": [
      {
        "name": "EC.rar",
        "sha256": "3d4a25132c703c51b1286213083e3ccd15b22d07c59428964a0f36715184f09f"
      },
      {
        "name": "EO.rar",
        "sha256": "536dcbdbf8c0ed6bfb4ecfd6155b99156448baafa0d7629ac82c6ae981f7a566"
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    ],
    "redistributed": false,
    "descriptor": {
      "citation": "Scientific Data 13:1211 (2026)",
      "doi": "10.1038/s41597-026-07968-9",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07968-9",
      "licence": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
      "use": "short quotes only, each under 25 words; no figures",
      "capture_sha256": "b0c6984515894d7b3a4fe400d1d1c041bba4198abb60898df5da30bc8d76841e"
    },
    "source_quote": "The participant group was sourced from the Atieh Clinic, a private facility located in Tehran, Iran.",
    "retrospective_quote": "EEG signals were obtained retrospectively from the clinic’s medical records.",
    "controls_quote": "HCs consisted of individuals undergoing standard EEG evaluations for reasons not linked to mental health or neurological issues.",
    "sex_imbalance_quote": "a chi-square test of independence indicated a significant difference in gender distribution between groups",
    "ethics_as_stated": {
      "code": "IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1404.441",
      "quote": "All studies and activities are conducted under the ethics code number IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1404.441 and adhere to the principles of ethical research.",
      "consent_quote": "specific informed consent was obtained for the EEG recording procedure and for the subsequent sharing of de-identified data.",
      "minors_quote": "a parent, legal guardian, or other directly responsible adult provided written authorization on a dedicated consent form.",
      "body_named": true,
      "body": "Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences",
      "body_quote": "The ethics review board at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has approved this study",
      "source": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07968-9"
    }
  },
  "cohorts": {
    "eyes_closed": {
      "condition": "eyes closed",
      "people": 101,
      "cases": 51,
      "controls": 50,
      "primary": true
    },
    "eyes_open": {
      "condition": "eyes open",
      "people": 97,
      "cases": 47,
      "controls": 50,
      "same_people_as_eyes_closed": true
    },
    "counted_by": "the independent audit, from the released files"
  },
  "signals": {
    "channels": 19,
    "channel_labels": false,
    "sampling_hz": 128,
    "seconds_analysed": 256,
    "reference": "ear reference, as released",
    "curators_processing": "band-passed to 1–45 Hz, notched and downsampled to 128 Hz by the curators"
  },
  "features": {
    "windows": 64,
    "window_s": 4,
    "welch_segment_s": 2,
    "overlap": 0.5,
    "resolution_hz": 0.5,
    "bands_hz": [
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        1,
        4
      ],
      [
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        8
      ],
      [
        8,
        13
      ],
      [
        13,
        30
      ],
      [
        30,
        45
      ]
    ],
    "kind": "natural log of relative band power over 1–45 Hz",
    "features_per_person": 95,
    "rule": "the Parkinson’s comparison’s spectral rule"
  },
  "probe": {
    "scaler": "fitted on the training fold only",
    "classifier": "L2 logistic regression",
    "C": 1.0,
    "class_weight": "balanced",
    "threshold": 0.5,
    "tuning": false
  },
  "split": {
    "folds": 5,
    "kind": "stratified participant folds",
    "split_seeds": 10,
    "values": "mean over the ten split seeds"
  },
  "uncertainty": {
    "kind": "paired participant bootstrap, stratified by group",
    "draws": 10000,
    "level": 0.95,
    "descriptive": true,
    "ignores_fold_overlap": true,
    "multiplicity_correction": false,
    "monte_carlo_note": "An independent bootstrap with another generator seed changed no reading; the third decimal of an interval, as a proportion, is Monte Carlo precision."
  },
  "chance_level": 0.5,
  "arms": [
    {
      "id": "C_AGE_SEX",
      "block": "eyes_closed",
      "label": "Only age and sex",
      "inputs": "No EEG: age in years and sex",
      "role": "confound_comparator",
      "eeg_input": false,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": true,
      "people": 101,
      "cases": 51,
      "controls": 50,
      "balanced_accuracy": 0.7123529411764707,
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
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      "auroc_interval_95": [
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        0.7946480392156864
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      "macro_f1": 0.7118475946556936
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    {
      "id": "E_SPECTRAL",
      "block": "eyes_closed",
      "label": "EEG spectra",
      "inputs": "The 95 log relative band-power features",
      "role": "primary_eeg",
      "eeg_input": true,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": false,
      "people": 101,
      "cases": 51,
      "controls": 50,
      "balanced_accuracy": 0.7118823529411765,
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
      "auroc": 0.7754901960784314,
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      "macro_f1": 0.7117856214902089
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    {
      "id": "E_SPECTRAL_PLUS_AGE_SEX",
      "block": "eyes_closed",
      "label": "EEG spectra + age and sex",
      "inputs": "The 95 spectral features, age and sex",
      "role": "eeg_with_confounds",
      "eeg_input": true,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": false,
      "people": 101,
      "cases": 51,
      "controls": 50,
      "balanced_accuracy": 0.7594117647058823,
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
      "auroc": 0.8334117647058823,
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      "macro_f1": 0.7593161746133065
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    {
      "id": "E_SPECTRAL_RESID",
      "block": "eyes_closed",
      "label": "EEG spectra after age-and-sex residualisation",
      "inputs": "The 95 spectral features with age and sex regressed out inside each training fold",
      "role": "sensitivity",
      "eeg_input": true,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": false,
      "people": 101,
      "cases": 51,
      "controls": 50,
      "balanced_accuracy": 0.698078431372549,
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
      "auroc": 0.7747843137254902,
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      "macro_f1": 0.6978351004680852
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    {
      "id": "F_CBRAMOD",
      "block": "cbramod",
      "label": "Frozen CBraMod",
      "inputs": "The person-mean of CBraMod’s frozen embeddings, read by the same probe",
      "role": "secondary_frozen_encoder",
      "eeg_input": true,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": false,
      "people": 101,
      "cases": 51,
      "controls": 50,
      "balanced_accuracy": 0.7664509803921569,
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
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      "macro_f1": 0.7662003935407379
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    {
      "id": "C_AGE_SEX_EO",
      "block": "eyes_open",
      "label": "Only age and sex, eyes open",
      "inputs": "No EEG: age in years and sex",
      "role": "confound_comparator_second_condition",
      "eeg_input": false,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": true,
      "people": 97,
      "cases": 47,
      "controls": 50,
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
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    {
      "id": "E_SPECTRAL_EO",
      "block": "eyes_open",
      "label": "EEG spectra, eyes open",
      "inputs": "The 95 features of the eyes-open recording",
      "role": "second_condition_eeg",
      "eeg_input": true,
      "excluded_from_model_comparisons": false,
      "people": 97,
      "cases": 47,
      "controls": 50,
      "balanced_accuracy": 0.7066808510638298,
      "balanced_accuracy_interval_95": [
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      "balanced_accuracy_interval_above_chance": true,
      "auroc": 0.7225106382978723,
      "auroc_interval_95": [
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      "macro_f1": 0.7065918510342934
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  "contrasts": [
    {
      "id": "P1",
      "role": "primary",
      "a": "E_SPECTRAL",
      "b": "C_AGE_SEX",
      "metric": "balanced_accuracy",
      "difference": -0.00047058823529422256,
      "interval_95": [
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      "interval_excludes_zero": false,
      "reading": "The interval includes zero; the difference is not an equivalence test."
    },
    {
      "id": "S1",
      "role": "secondary",
      "a": "E_SPECTRAL_PLUS_AGE_SEX",
      "b": "C_AGE_SEX",
      "metric": "balanced_accuracy",
      "difference": 0.0470588235294116,
      "interval_95": [
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      "interval_excludes_zero": false,
      "reading": "The interval includes zero."
    },
    {
      "id": "S2",
      "role": "secondary_sensitivity",
      "a": "E_SPECTRAL_RESID",
      "b": "chance",
      "metric": "balanced_accuracy",
      "difference": 0.198078431372549,
      "interval_95": [
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        0.2711392156862744
      ],
      "interval_excludes_zero": true,
      "reading": "The interval lies above zero; regressing out linear effects inside training folds does not show that confounding is gone."
    },
    {
      "id": "S3",
      "role": "secondary_second_condition",
      "a": "E_SPECTRAL_EO",
      "b": "C_AGE_SEX_EO",
      "metric": "balanced_accuracy",
      "difference": 0.007531914893617042,
      "interval_95": [
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      "interval_excludes_zero": false,
      "reading": "The interval includes zero."
    },
    {
      "id": "S4",
      "role": "secondary_frozen_encoder",
      "a": "F_CBRAMOD",
      "b": "C_AGE_SEX",
      "metric": "balanced_accuracy",
      "difference": 0.05409803921568612,
      "interval_95": [
        -0.04923676470588222,
        0.1593147058823528
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      "interval_excludes_zero": false,
      "reading": "The interval includes zero; the encoder has no age or sex input."
    },
    {
      "id": "S5",
      "role": "descriptive_frozen_encoder",
      "a": "F_CBRAMOD",
      "b": "E_SPECTRAL",
      "metric": "balanced_accuracy",
      "difference": 0.054568627450980345,
      "interval_95": [
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        0.12355343137254897
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      "interval_excludes_zero": false,
      "reading": "Descriptive; the interval includes zero."
    }
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  "cbramod": {
    "name": "CBraMod",
    "frozen": true,
    "checkpoint_sha256": "0792cb808c14e6b7a2bb2ce1dff379bc47bc54c49a779825bdfeb33bf8157178",
    "parameters": 4883800,
    "code_licence": "MIT",
    "weights_licence": "Apache-2.0 (official model card)",
    "redistributed": false,
    "paper": "Wang et al., arXiv 2412.07236",
    "paper_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.07236",
    "pretraining_corpus_stated": "TUEG",
    "checkpoint_predates_dataset": true,
    "contract_line": {
      "approved": true,
      "items": [
        {
          "id": "signals",
          "text": "the curators’ 128 Hz recordings are resampled to 200 Hz"
        },
        {
          "id": "demeaning",
          "text": "each channel’s mean is removed in every 2-second window"
        },
        {
          "id": "channel-order",
          "text": "the channels are in the released, undocumented order"
        },
        {
          "id": "person-mean",
          "text": "the probe reads the mean of 128 window embeddings per person"
        },
        {
          "id": "unit",
          "text": "the microvolt scale comes from the descriptor’s Figure 2 caption, checked by a label-free plausibility test set in advance; the files store no unit"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "method_differences": [
    {
      "id": "a",
      "topic": "split seeds",
      "text": "ten split seeds averaged"
    },
    {
      "id": "b",
      "topic": "bootstrap",
      "text": "10,000 bootstrap draws"
    },
    {
      "id": "c",
      "topic": "span and windows",
      "text": "the first 256 s in 64 four-second windows"
    },
    {
      "id": "d",
      "topic": "sampling rate and Welch constants",
      "text": "128 Hz as released, with 2-second Welch segments and 0.5 Hz bins"
    },
    {
      "id": "e",
      "topic": "channels and reference",
      "text": "19 channels on the curators’ ear reference, in an undocumented order"
    },
    {
      "id": "f",
      "topic": "features",
      "text": "five relative bands, no log total power"
    },
    {
      "id": "g",
      "topic": "confound coding",
      "text": "age in years and sex as the confounds, with no recording-setting arm"
    },
    {
      "id": "h",
      "topic": "frozen-encoder arm",
      "text": "each channel’s mean removed in every 2-second CBraMod window, and no age-and-sex-residualised CBraMod arm"
    }
  ],
  "audit": {
    "status": "pass",
    "what": "An independent program re-derived every spectral feature from the raw files, refitted every arm and re-extracted every CBraMod embedding, with zero difference.",
    "max_metric_difference": 3.3306690738754696e-16
  },
  "bridges": {
    "spectral_rule_code_parity_max_difference": 0.0,
    "published_eegmat_cbramod_cell_reproduced": true
  },
  "how_checked": [
    {
      "id": "prespecified",
      "state": "pass",
      "text": "The arms, contrasts, folds, split seeds and bootstrap were fixed in a protocol that an independent check passed before any score using the real labels existed."
    },
    {
      "id": "sealed",
      "state": "pass",
      "text": "The out-of-fold predictions were sealed by SHA-256 before the independent audit read them."
    },
    {
      "id": "audit",
      "state": "pass",
      "text": "An independent program re-derived every spectral feature from the raw files, refitted every arm and re-extracted every CBraMod embedding, with zero difference."
    },
    {
      "id": "interpretation",
      "state": "pass",
      "text": "An independent reader checked every reading printed here against the frozen reading rules."
    }
  ],
  "caveats": [
    {
      "id": "setting",
      "text": "One clinic and one device; the recordings were taken retrospectively from the clinic’s records, and the controls were people having routine EEG there for reasons unrelated to mental health. A group-level research comparison."
    },
    {
      "id": "sex-imbalance",
      "text": "The data descriptor reports that the groups differ in sex; the age-and-sex comparators and the residualised arm are shown, and residualising removes linear effects inside training folds only."
    },
    {
      "id": "medication",
      "text": "Medication and clinical scores are not released, so the patients’ treatment travels with the label."
    },
    {
      "id": "curation",
      "text": "The curators band-passed the signals to 1–45 Hz, notched them, downsampled them to 128 Hz and removed recordings with severe artefacts or incomplete sessions; transient artefacts remain by design."
    },
    {
      "id": "sheet",
      "text": "The released demographic sheet differs slightly from the descriptor’s summary and is used as released; ages and sexes pair with recordings by the shared subject number, which the arms combining EEG with age and sex rely on."
    },
    {
      "id": "channels",
      "text": "The channel order is undocumented, so no channel-specific reading is possible."
    },
    {
      "id": "uncertainty",
      "text": "Every value is the mean over ten split seeds of five-fold participant-held-out cross-validation; intervals are descriptive paired participant-bootstrap ranges that ignore the overlap of training folds and carry no multiplicity correction."
    },
    {
      "id": "frozen-encoder",
      "text": "CBraMod is read as a frozen encoder by the same person-level probe. Its contract differs from the foundation-model panels: the curators’ 128 Hz recordings are resampled to 200 Hz; each channel’s mean is removed in every 2-second window; the channels are in the released, undocumented order; the probe reads the mean of 128 window embeddings per person; and the microvolt scale comes from the descriptor’s Figure 2 caption, checked by a label-free plausibility test set in advance; the files store no unit. The checkpoint predates the dataset’s release and its stated pretraining corpus is TUEG; a difference between CBraMod and the spectral probe mixes preprocessing with architecture."
    }
  ],
  "rights": {
    "name": "ASEEG · Atieh Schizophrenia EEG",
    "task": "Case/control discrimination from resting EEG, beside age and sex",
    "source": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18029536",
    "version": "Zenodo 18029536, First version, 2025-12-23, record revision 6",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "attribution": "Bagherzadeh S, Norouzi M, Farokhshad F, Tolou Koroushi P, Ghasri A, Bahri Hampa S, Kazemi R, Rostami R, Shalbaf A. ASEEG: Atieh Schizophrenia EEG. Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.18029536 (First version, 2025-12-23), CC BY 4.0. Data descriptor: Scientific Data 13:1211 (2026), doi:10.1038/s41597-026-07968-9. Modifications: the first 256 s of each released recording read as released; log relative band power and frozen CBraMod features; cohort-level scores only. Derived analysis by BCI Report; not endorsed by the authors.",
    "privacyReview": "The data descriptor states that the ethics review board at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved the study, under ethics code IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1404.441, and that specific informed consent covered the recording and the sharing of de-identified data, with written authorization from a parent, guardian or responsible adult where needed. The publication boundary is the one the Parkinson’s and IESSEEG sections use: aggregate scores only, with no participant rows or predictions and no per-group age or sex composition.",
    "reviewedAt": "2026-11-06",
    "reviewBasis": [
      "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18029536",
      "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-07968-9"
    ],
    "redistributed": false
  },
  "not_published": [
    "Participant rows of any kind: file codes, ages, sexes, diagnoses, fold assignments, features, out-of-fold probabilities and fitted heads.",
    "Per-fold and per-split-seed values, the split seeds themselves, and seed ranges.",
    "Per-group demographics: age means, medians and ranges, sex counts, and any figure derived from them, the data descriptor’s own included.",
    "Confusion counts: seed-averaged values are not whole people.",
    "Recording lengths of individual files.",
    "Bridge numbers beyond pass or fail and their largest differences, and smoke-test numbers.",
    "EEG signals, the descriptor’s figures or text beyond short quotes, and model weights.",
    "Runtimes, hosts and storage locations; the research records themselves are pinned by SHA-256 in the release manifest."
  ],
  "release_record": {
    "date": "2026-11-06",
    "decision": "D52"
  },
  "rounding": {
    "rule": "exact value rounded half away from zero at the printed precision",
    "helper_sha256": "1aaf37e466d56c55d5737233f6f989276119e4f9da351110251bb026cb8f4c9b",
    "ties": []
  },
  "provenance": {
    "manifest_sha256": "0e244c2c30a799dcfdf9a4429e0f6311a2a1a6f52fe663f6f25da439740f809e",
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}